Thomas Pynchon in TV Land: The Televisual Culture in Vineland :: TV Television Cultural Essays

Thomas Pynchon in TV Land The Televisual Culture in VinelandMark Robberds 1995 Article The naked as a jaybird Historicist Creepers of Vineland is an insightful look into how Thomas Pynchons 1990 novel fits the new historicist criteria of Michel Foucault, Stephen Greenblatt, and other new historicists. He convincingly argues for the vinelike characteristics of the novel, and shows how it is genealogical in structure and archeological in content (Robberds 238). What Robberds means is that Vineland is a complex narrative with more characters than a three-part miniseries. The book, which opens in 1984, is set as much in the sixties as in the eighties. After meeting each character, we are treated to their history and interaction with other characters over the previous fifteen to fifty years, in some cases suggestion back to their parents and grandparents. All this personal and cultural history fits into Robberds definition of Foucaults new historicism nicely, but Robberds seems so eager to fit Vineland into this box that he misses single of the true pleasures of reading Pynchon. Robberds writes that Greenblatt and others treat textual matters as cultural artifacts with no intrinsic aesthetic value, but as microcosms of cultural and institutional patterns (Robberds 238-9). He expands on this intellect in a section of his article called Cultural Artifacts A Televisual Guide to Vineland Vineland does not seem to provide an avenue for directly mimetic passage from text to reality, unless one intends to read all mention of popular culture in the text as essentially parodic. The text neither applauds nor parodies the televisual but presents it instead as cultural artefact. (244)This position is contradicted by the text, in which Pynchon parodies television to no end. Robberds supports his statement by quoting characters saying, It was like being on Wheel of Fortune (Pynchon 12), but he doesnt mention passages like Twi-Nite Theatre, which tonight featured John Ritter in The Bryant Gumbel Story (Pynchon 355). Television is more than just cultural artefact in Vineland it is a medium for Pynchon to parody and over which to pass judgement. J. A. Cuddons A Dictionary of Literary Terms defines parody as The imitative use of words, style, attitude, tone, and ideas of an author in such a way as to make them ridiculous. This is usually achieved by exaggerating certain traits, using more or less the same technique as the cartoon caricaturist. In fact, a kind of satirical mimicry.

Delmar The Spy That Got Away Essay -- manhattan project, george coval,

INTRODUCTION This research paper is about the Soviet spy, George Koval, codename DELMAR who penetrated the Manhattan see. The purpose of this research paper is to identify lessons learned based on George Kovals activities with the Manhattan Project and not repeat the same Counterintelligence failures in the future. George Koval managed to elude capture and operate virtually unsuspected for the entire length of his espionage career against the U.S. and so little is cognize about him. Analysis of his activities should prove to be extremely valuable to the intelligence community. BACKGROUND On Christmas day in December 1913, in Sioux City, Iowa, George Koval was born to a family of Jewish immigrants from Belarus, then part of the Soviet Union. George Kovals father, Abraham was a carpenter and his mother, Ethel Koval was a convert to Socialism. George Kovals parents maintained correspondence with members of their extended family in the Soviet Union. In the 1920s, they go t involved with an American society to help with the resettlement of Jews in the Soviet Union, a Communist organization. This organization was called Idishe Kolonizatzie in Sovetn Farband (IKOR). Since 1928, IKORs main focusing had been Jewish resettlement in Birobidzhan, a city near the border of Manchuria that Stalin promoted as a secular Jewish homeland. Abraham Koval was the secretary of the Sioux City IKOR branch in the 1920s. The Koval family held strong Communist beliefs that were instilled in George Koval from an early age. While attending high school at Central High School, known locally as the move on the hill in Sioux City, Iowa, George Koval joined the Young Communist League, and in August 1930 was its delegate to the Iowa co... ...ded over to the GRU (military intelligence) Museum the Gold Star medal and Hero of Russia documentation and document bestowed on Soviet intelligence officer George Koval. Kremlin.ru. President of Russia. Retrieved 2009-06-20.Srebrn ik, Henry (2001). Gennady Estraikh Mikhail Krutikov, Yiddish and the Left Diaspora, Ethnicity and Dreams of Nationhood North American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project Oxford Legenda Press.Walsh, Michael (May 2009). George Koval Atomic denounce Unmasked. Smithsonian.Nora Levin, 1988, vol. 1. The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917. Cited from George Koval FBI investigative file, in Andrey Shitov, Op. Cit.Vladimir Lota, Red Star, July 25, 2007 His Name Was Delmar.https//www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/cias-analysis-of-the-soviet-union-1947-1991/

Cause and Effect Essay: Divorce Causes Problems For Children :: Cause and Effect Essays

For a minor, it is very hard loosing a set up. The childs life becomes more stressful be endeavour of economic loss and the loss of a supportive parent. Since many an(prenominal) children do not adjust well, their behavior is affected. The change is devastating for many children and it affects their entire life. Divorce of parents causes many problems and affects children negatively.The loss of a parent can cause loss in knowledge, skills, and resources from the parents. They loose such things as support from the parent in finances, emotions, and care. Children tend to have a harder time dealing with a split up the more separates their parents go through. The better the parents adjust to these losses, the better the children will adjust, and the fewer problems that will come about. When the child is in a single parents home, there is commonly a loss of money and therefore, resources. This can lead to the child being jealous of other children and having lower self estee m.Another cause that affects a child with divorced parents is that the child whitethorn have a more stressful life. The child may have to change schools with any move that may outcome from the divorce. Also, if the child is not old enough to take care of himself or herself and the now single parent works, the child would probably have to start attending a child care program. A child could have to alternate between parents in different houses which is also very hard on a child. The adjustments to different settings and what days he or she is at which house can be confusing and stressful.In a divorce, the parents usually do not purpose along and may have different opinions on items. They may go to court and fight against each other about what factors caused the separation leading to the divorce and how the properties are divided. This possible exposure is very unhealthy for a child. The child sees his parents fighting and may learn from the behavior and display it. He or sh e may see that behavior as being an acceptable action. The fighting behavior of parents causes behavioral problems within a child. The child may hear things from one parent about the other that causes the child to take sides when he or she should be learning not to be biased and to love both parents equally.

Critical Review of a Psychology Research Article on Students Essay

search Issues in Psychology fine Review of a Research conditionPupils who exhibit gifted characteristics along with another disability are referred to as twice-exceptional students (Morrison, 2001 Nielsen 2002). This term is used in the article that I have chosen to review, which analyzes the responses and perceptions through interview, of one particular individual (Andrew) who was identified as being gifted and talented (G/T) and who had emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD). What the researchers aimed to accomplish through this analysis was a clearer sympathy of Andrews community and school experiences, as they stated that there was a lack of empirical entropy focusing upon pupils who displayed such behaviors. The features of the research im succession were straight and simple a qualitative analysis with one participant a structured interview, recorded then later transcribed and analyzed to declare 3 themes a conclusion which produced findings of Andrews experiences as a twice-exceptional student. It is the appropriateness of the methods that were used in this study which ordain inform my first critique of this article. I will then move on to discuss the data which was collected, before finally examining how effective the conclusion is.Morrison and Omdal chose to include only one participant in their study, which compares preferably significantly to the research of others in similar areas that have included a greater number of participants (Gross, 1994 Sankar-DeLeeuw, 2004 Howe et al, 1998). This particular participant, named under the pseudonym of Andrew, was 22 old age of age when he consented to partake in the research. A brief description of his formidable successes both academic and socially, pointed out that he was currently employed as a permanent substitute teacher (p.2). The reader is immediately drawn to a young man who has accomplished and triumphed against his disabilities instantly gaining the respect of the readers as his success es try specialism of character and determination. Surely then questions must arise about the validity of using such a small, select sample. Can the quality of data that has been garner be representative of the population (Cohen et al 20002) of twice-exceptional students? It is my assumption that no, it cannot. Especially since the chosen participant is a teacher reflecting upon his edu... ...otional/Behavioural disabilities and gifted and talented behaviours paradoxical or semantic differences in characteristics?, Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 38(5), 2001Nielsen, M.E. (2002) Gifted Students With Learning Disabilities recommendations for Identification and Programming, Exceptionality Vol.10 (2), 93-111Nowak, M (2001) Double Inequity, Redoubled Critique Twice-Exceptional (Gifted + Learning Disabled) Students, the Equality Ideal, and the take anatomical structure of the Educational System http//www.newhorizons.org/spneeds/gifted/nowak3.htmauthorauthor Plucker, J.A. & Levy, J.J (2001) The Downside of Being Talented, American Psychologist, Vol 56(1) 75-76Porter, L (1999) Gifted Young Children A guide for teachers and parents Open University Press, BuckinghamSankar-DeLeeuw, N (2004) eccentric person studies of gifted kindergarten children profiles of promise. (On Gifted Students in School) Roeper Review, v26 i4 p192(16)Schuler, P.A. (2003) Gifted kids at risk Whos listening?, http//www.sengifted.org/articles_social/Schuler_GiftedKidsAtRiskWhosListening.shtmlTeachers Training Agency 20/01/05 http//www.teach.gov.uk/php/read.php?sectionid=218&articleid=1487 Critical Review of a Psychology Research Article on Students EssayResearch Issues in PsychologyCritical Review of a Research ArticlePupils who exhibit gifted characteristics along with another disability are referred to as twice-exceptional students (Morrison, 2001 Nielsen 2002). This term is used in the article that I have chosen to review, which analyzes the responses and perceptions thro ugh interview, of one particular individual (Andrew) who was identified as being gifted and talented (G/T) and who had emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD). What the researchers aimed to accomplish through this analysis was a clearer understanding of Andrews community and school experiences, as they stated that there was a lack of empirical data focusing upon pupils who displayed such behaviors. The features of the research design were straightforward and simple a qualitative analysis with one participant a structured interview, recorded then later transcribed and analyzed to produce 3 themes a conclusion which produced findings of Andrews experiences as a twice-exceptional student. It is the appropriateness of the methods that were used in this study which will inform my first critique of this article. I will then move on to discuss the data which was collected, before finally examining how effective the conclusion is.Morrison and Omdal chose to include only one participant in their study, which compares quite significantly to the research of others in similar areas that have included a greater number of participants (Gross, 1994 Sankar-DeLeeuw, 2004 Howe et al, 1998). This particular participant, named under the pseudonym of Andrew, was 22 years of age when he consented to partake in the research. A brief description of his formidable successes both academic and socially, pointed out that he was currently employed as a permanent substitute teacher (p.2). The reader is immediately drawn to a young man who has accomplished and triumphed against his disabilities instantly gaining the respect of the readers as his successes show strength of character and determination. Surely then questions must arise about the validity of using such a small, select sample. Can the quality of data that has been gathered be representative of the population (Cohen et al 20002) of twice-exceptional students? It is my assumption that no, it cannot. Especially since the chosen participant is a teacher reflecting upon his edu... ...otional/Behavioural disabilities and gifted and talented behaviours Paradoxical or semantic differences in characteristics?, Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 38(5), 2001Nielsen, M.E. (2002) Gifted Students With Learning Disabilities recommendations for Identification and Programming, Exceptionality Vol.10 (2), 93-111Nowak, M (2001) Double Inequity, Redoubled Critique Twice-Exceptional (Gifted + Learning Disabled) Students, the Equality Ideal, and the Reward Structure of the Educational System http//www.newhorizons.org/spneeds/gifted/nowak3.htmauthorauthor Plucker, J.A. & Levy, J.J (2001) The Downside of Being Talented, American Psychologist, Vol 56(1) 75-76Porter, L (1999) Gifted Young Children A guide for teachers and parents Open University Press, BuckinghamSankar-DeLeeuw, N (2004) Case studies of gifted kindergarten children profiles of promise. (On Gifted Students in School) Roeper Review, v26 i4 p192(16)Schuler, P.A. (200 3) Gifted kids at risk Whos listening?, http//www.sengifted.org/articles_social/Schuler_GiftedKidsAtRiskWhosListening.shtmlTeachers Training Agency 20/01/05 http//www.teach.gov.uk/php/read.php?sectionid=218&articleid=1487

Essay --

In this essay I would like to reflect what I have personally picture more about Thai grow from my intercultural interaction with a Thai person as well as through my in depth reading material about Thai culture and history. Thai culture characteristics, behaviors, and values share many similarities and differences with my Taiwanese culture. The person who I interviewed with had given me a great cortical potential into Thai way of thinking and ways of life. Although I have been living in Thai for so many years, but with my Taiwanese upbringing culture I have learn some of the gravid Thai culture, believes, values, and characteristics to be too difficult to understand. In this essay, you will find discussion and examples of Thai prominent cultures, values, believe and Thai historical events and people who had played a great role in changing Thais ways of life. Next, follow by the discussion of Taiwanese culture and Thai culture in comparison and contrast. In the end of the essay, I will propose some of the ways I believe stub help to cope with some of Thais cultural horrifys. When looking at a broad picture of Thai nation, one can easily identified that Thai is a countrified society. Rice is what Thai people eat on the daily basis. Yet, Thailand is one of the world biggest exporters in rice product. There is also a saying in Thailand that, Farmer is the backbone of the nation. Here, farmers is not actually the backbone or the physical backbone of Thai nation, but backbone in this artistic style metaphor the crucial organ in the person body to survive. This shows that Thailand rely heavily on agriculture product and activities. Believe and activities in relation to the agricultural background of Thais, including worshiping Pra-mae-po-sop (Goddess of R... ...s to show friendliness. It is as though strangers are accepted as member of the kin group. Since I am a Taiwanese living in Thailand for so many year, I know some of the ways to cope with these cul tural shocks. Here, I would like to suggest you can handle cultural shock in Thai culture. People of different culture may had experience frustration, confusion, tension, or even embarrassment when encounter with another culture. There are two choices you can to can choose from one is try to observe, listen, inquire which can result in understanding . Another is criticize, rationalize, and withdraw which can result in alienation and isolation. However, some may choose other alternatives such as by gathering information and learn about new culture as much as possible. Second, is to make socio-cultural adjustments. And third is adapting , sharing, experiencing and enjoy.

Just Another Day at the Office :: English Literature Essays

Just Another Day at the OfficePersonal computer (pc) repair technicians and doctors have a lot in common. Patients arrive at the doctors door bearing all manner of complaints or problems. I am sure doctors have seen and heard ab come to the fore every cause of ignorant stunt a person can think of or do. My name is Skeeter Jones, and I have been a pc repair technician for approximately 15 years. Like a doctor, I thought I had seen and heard of every crazy stunt imaginable until I received a call from Headaches, interconnected about a computer crash. When I arrived at the job site, Lola and Chase, the office and terminal managers, greeted me. Boy Are we ever glad to see you, they both cried in unison, We have completely screwed up the computer. Well, show me the computer that is down while you classify me what happened, I replied. Linda, Lolas co-worker, told us upgrading our computer system from Windows 95 to 98 would be easy for us to do ourselves. All we had to do was purchase t he Windows 98 upgrade compact disc (CD), Chase said. Except, we could not find the CD. Lola chimed in, We picked out this CD instead. The salesman at Office Depot said, It would work just as well to upgrade our system. I looked down at the box she was holding in her hands. The words Windows 2000 Upgrade stared back at me in big, white letters. I just stood there for a minute shaking my head, and I silently groaned to myself. Oh immortal How could anybody be that stupid, I thought. With an audible sigh, I said aloud, Let me run a few diagnostic tests. I will be able to tell you how much damage has occurred in a couple of minutes. I started with the basic stuff like making sure the computer would boot up. Then, I progressed spirit level by layer to the heart of the system. The tests took me nearly three hours to complete. As I dug deeper and deeper into the computer, I was utterly amazed at how much damage they had wreaked in such a short amount of time and with only an upgrade soft ware kit. Well guys, it looks as if you have managed to confuse the hell out of this computer, I told them, You have two different types of file systems on it now.

Free Narrative Essays - Attitude Is Everything :: Example Personal Narratives

Attitude Is Everything       Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, If I were any better, I would be twins   He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a bad day, Jerry was there telling the employee how to attend to on the positive side of the situation.   Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, I dont get it You micklet be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it? Jerry replied, Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can accept to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each ti me something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life.   Yeah, right, its not that easy, I protested. Yes it is, Jerry said. Life is all approximately choices. When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good or bad mood. The bottom line Its your choice how you live life. I reflected on what Jerry said.   Soon thereafter, I left the restaurant patience to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life sort of of reacting to it. Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in the

The Anatomy Of A Modern Revolution :: Political Politics

The Anatomy Of A Modern Revolution?A transmutation is a general and fundamental change in the political order when the mint candy of people rejects its governing body and the way things ar run and is the result of failure to introduce gradual form. The people come in concert and there is a melodramatic violent and forceful movement to change the way society is structured. A revolution itself is successful when one political, social and economical system has been replaced with an alternative that allow bring about the necessary changes needed to remove the major sources of discontent and to improve life. The first stage of a revolution is the development of a subversive situation. It is characterised by increasingly widespread opposition to the existing government, which has lost effective control of the nation. The people then try to endeavour their government this attack sometimes involves strikes, assassinations, demonstrations and riots. The government unremarkably respo nds to these acts with a refusal to grant reform. From this, the accumulated anger inside the people explodes and the result is the overthrow of the onetime(a) order. This evermore involves some form of armament action in the capital, including taking over government buildings and occupying key transport and communication centres. There is not always only one assort missing to take power nevertheless a number of groups with quite opposite programs usually emerge. When the new government has taken power, it usually introduces policies that are very different from those of the previous government. People are asked to make sacrifices in order to ensure the changes work out. The relationships between classes and groups in society are affected, and a new group seeking dominance for itself usually pushes down a previously dominant class. However, many problems inherited from the previous government designate the extent of its reform. Next may be the most violent phase of the str uggle - the consolidation of power. Loyalty to the new government is usually expected and demanded but allies of the old government may attempt to overthrow the new revolutionary government, to reinstate those who used to enjoy power and privilege and to restore the old order totally.The Anatomy Of A Modern Revolution Political PoliticsThe Anatomy Of A Modern Revolution?A revolution is a general and fundamental change in the political order when the mass of people rejects its government and the way things are run and is the result of failure to introduce gradual form. The people come together and there is a dramatic violent and forceful movement to change the way society is structured. A revolution itself is successful when one political, social and economic system has been replaced with an alternative that will bring about the necessary changes needed to remove the major sources of discontent and to improve life. The first stage of a revolution is the development of a revolution ary situation. It is characterised by increasingly widespread opposition to the existing government, which has lost effective control of the nation. The people then try to attack their government this attack sometimes involves strikes, assassinations, demonstrations and riots. The government usually responds to these acts with a refusal to grant reform. From this, the accumulated anger inside the people explodes and the result is the overthrow of the old order. This always involves some form of military action in the capital, including taking over government buildings and occupying key transport and communication centres. There is not always only one group wanting to take power but a number of groups with quite different programs usually emerge. When the new government has taken power, it usually introduces policies that are very different from those of the previous government. People are asked to make sacrifices in order to ensure the changes work out. The relationships between cla sses and groups in society are affected, and a new group seeking dominance for itself usually pushes down a previously dominant class. However, many problems inherited from the previous government limit the extent of its reform. Next may be the most violent phase of the struggle - the consolidation of power. Loyalty to the new government is usually expected and demanded but allies of the old government may attempt to overthrow the new revolutionary government, to reinstate those who used to enjoy power and privilege and to restore the old order totally.

Assisted Suicides :: essays research papers

Assisted SuicidesThe Washington Post September 2-8, 1996Picture yourself in this situation. You go to the desexualize for a routinephysical. You hold back fine. You feel good. All those exhausting workouts at thegym are finally starting to pay off and you actually stuck to that low fat, highvitamin diet youre doctor recommended. You have never felt better. You areessentially the epitome of a healthy, fit hu gentleman being. Then, out of nowhere,you are diagnosed with a disorder of the nervous organization accompanied by chronicfatigue syndrome. The menacingness is permanent and in that location is no cure. It will onlyprogress and worsen with time, and all you can do is wait. What would you do?If you were 42-year-old Judith Curren, a nurse and mother of two smallchildren, youd be in close contact with the infamous suicide assessor, Dr. JackKevorkian, a.k.a. "Doctor Death," discussing your "options." However, harmoniseto an editorial published in The Washington Post, entitled "38 AssistedSuicides," m any people believe that when it comes to matters such as life anddeath, there are no options. The decision to live or die is made by God.Judith Curren didnt agree. With the assistance of Dr. Kevorkian, she died andthe retired pathologist presided at his 38th assisted suicide, fairly confidentthat he will not be prosecuted or even suffer public disapproval.Many of the people who have sought out Dr. Kevorkian have been terribly illand suffering, with no hope of long-term survival. Their stories offeredexamples that built public sympathy for this cause. But from the beginning,even among observers who believe that the desperately sick should be given helpto die, there have been questionable cases. For example, a woman in her fiftiesallegedly suffering from early Alzheimers disease was fit enough to play tenniswith her self-aggrandizing son shortly before dying. Another-said to have had a painful,progressive illness-was found to be free of disease by the county medicalexaminer.The article argued this point, "Is it in any way merciful, compassionate,or healing (a favorite word of Kevorkian fans) to assist in the suicide of amiddle-aged woman who is tired and depressed and married to a man whom sherecently accused of attacking her and who then delivers her to Dr. Kevorkian?Pain is controllable. Depression and fatigue can be ameliorated by drugs.Violent husbands can be prosecuted and divorced. Suicide in such a case isunreasonable. A doctors help in that course is unconscionable."I had mixed feelings on this editorial because I take into consideration twain sides of the argument.

Placebos: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Placebos Can a Sugar Pill Cure?Placebo the word is Latin for I will please. Originally it started the Vespers for the dead, often birdsong by hired mourners, and eventually to sing placebos came to mean to flatter or placate (1). Later, the term was used for any kind of quack medicinal drug. Today, it is a medicine that has no value in itself, but improves a patients condition because the patient believes it to be potent. Belief in a swallowed sugar pill or saline injection has been suggestn to produce real reactions. 80% of patients given sugar water and told it is an emetic respond by vomiting (1). People often show an hypersensitive response to something they believe they are allergic to, even if it is only p destructionic flowers. Doesthis strong reaction hold true for more serious medical conditions, so? There are three explanations as to why placebos may work. The first, called the opoid model, says that the positive response is a result of endorphins released in response t o swallowing a pill, etc. The indorse is the conditioning model, which holds that the important factor is not the medicine, but contact with a medical professional. Because patients are used to getting better after they go into a doctors office and talk to someone in a white coat, they are psychologically conditioned to get better after contact with the medical environment. The last is the expectancy model, in which patients improve because they expect the placebo to have a certain effect. There are even more arguments, though, as to how the placebo effect has been exaggerated or fabricated. Some studies include additional intervention along with the medication, sosimply being in a study may produce results (1). Some studies on placebos often show similar rates of success for a drug and a placebo, but do not include a control in which no treatment is used. In such studies, it is impossible to tell what improvement was actually due to the placebo and what would have happened anyway (3). Patients may also tend to report improvement because they weigh this is what is expected. This is especially true with poorly designed response forms with more options for improvement than worsening. Many illnesses, like colds, improve by themselves given time. Others, like depression and inveterate pain, fluctuate. Thus improvement in these types of illness might well have happened without any medicine or placebo.

Placebos: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Placebos Can a Sugar Pill Cure?Placebo the vocalise is Latin for I will please. Originally it started the Vespers for the dead, often sung by hired mourners, and eventually to sing placebos came to mean to flatter or placate (1). Later, the term was used for each kind of quack medicine. Today, it is a medicine that has no value in itself, but improves a patients condition because the patient believes it to be potent. Belief in a swallowed sugar pill or saline injection has been shown to produce real reactions. 80% of patients given sugar water and told it is an puking respond by vomiting (1). People often show an allergic resolution to something they believe they are allergic to, even if it is only plastic flowers. Doesthis blind drunk reaction hold true for more serious aesculapian conditions, then? in that respect are three explanations as to why placebos may work. The first, called the opoid model, says that the positive response is a result of endorphins released in respo nse to swallowing a pill, etc. The second is the conditioning model, which holds that the important factor is not the medicine, but contact with a medical professional. Because patients are used to getting better after they go into a doctors office and talk to someone in a white coat, they are psychologically conditioned to get better after contact with the medical environment. The last is the expectancy model, in which patients improve because they expect the placebo to ready a certain effect. There are even more arguments, though, as to how the placebo effect has been exaggerated or fabricated. Some studies include additional treatment along with the medication, sosimply being in a study may produce results (1). Some studies on placebos often show similar rates of success for a drug and a placebo, but do not include a control in which no treatment is used. In such studies, it is impossible to tell what improvement was actually due to the placebo and what would have happened anywa y (3). Patients may also tend to report improvement because they think this is what is expected. This is especially true with poorly designed response forms with more options for improvement than worsening. numerous illnesses, like colds, improve by themselves given time. Others, like depression and chronic pain, fluctuate. Thus improvement in these types of illness might well have happened without any medicine or placebo.

Republican Plan Should be Vetoed :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Republican Plan Should be Vetoed I hazard that the Republican should be vetoed because to me, their proposed tax cuts in education, the environment, and other areas are not the way to go. There are probably other government functions that could use a decreasein spending. Raising medicare premiums (http//www.yahoo.com/headlines/951114/news/stories/budget_42.html) seems alright, exclusively in that respect could be a better way. In general, todays Congress is in so much deadlock over balance the budget,they will end up watching it go to about $6 billion by the start of the new millenium The debts already too high now. president Johnson was able to halve the deficit and keep his budget under $100 million during his first year inoffice (http//pathfinder.com/time/special/moy/1964.html) but he achieved this through some manipulation of others - something of which Bill Clinton is not a master. Though the proposed increase of $9 a month may seem small to some,many older America ns in the long run will not be able to keep up with the payments and will trim down their disposable income (isnt this what Keynes would think?) Stimulating the economy at the expense of a certain group of people does not constitute favorable domestic policy for politicans of any party. why is it that the U.S. has such a hard time trying to keep a stable economy when Germany has historically had pretty strong currency and is perhaps the ruff economic nation in all of Europe? (http//pathfinder.com/time/international/1995/950925/economies.html) They do have tougher regulations, but not a lot of capitalistic shipway that we do here. The expanses central bank managed to step in after unification with tough-minded economic management and even though theeastern side of the country has spend a little more than necessary, Germany today remains financially stable (without huge increases in inflation). The temporary stop-gap spending bills that Clinton vetoed, causing the current pa rtialgovernment shutdown, has make the U.S. look bad in the eyes of the world because of party gridlock. I doubt if countries such as Germany ever have this much trouble. Are there any solutions to solving the national debt that will completely satify everyone involved? Probably not. I proved that by stating my support for the Presidents veto of the Republicans spending bills. However, the oneitem that really bugs me is that if the Republicans motive to lower the debt so much, why

19th Century English Architecture Essay

Introduction* The 19th light speed heralded the arrival of the industrial Revolution, which wrought unprecedented socioeconomic and technological changes in England, transforming it into a modern industrial society. This testify examines the impact that these changes have had on the heading and construction of two new building types, namely the railway station and prison. * This essay argues that the concept and construction of railway stations in England had to be adapted to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution, such as widespread hoidenish-urban migration, rapid urban growth and rising affluence in English society. On the pragmatic side, station builders also had to look for alternative reals resistant to corrosion from steam and bay window emitted by locomotives. This essay also examines the fond changes and punishable reforms in 19th century England which ca employ a shift in societal perspectives towards iniquity and penalization, and how these impacted th e instauration of three major prisons at that time.See more(prenominal) Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay line StationsDue to the rapid economic growth and breeding resulting from the Industrial Revolution, many urban areas expanded at a dizzying rate as people in the countryside flocked to t avers and cities looking for employment. Historian Eric Evans notes that Glasgow grew by 46 pct in the 1810s and Manchester by 44 percent in the 1820s. Social problems such as overcrowding, congestion and crime soon followed.These changes resulted in new functional involve and requirements for buildings. * Prior to the 19th century, trains were primarily built for transporting cargo. At the turn of the century, railway stations had to be adapted to cater to the increase in passengers travelling through England for work and leisure. They served as terminals and interchanges for many trains from the diametrical rail companies, as well as waiting areas and short-lived acco mmodation for passengers. From an architectural standpoint, they were important buildings because their *construction unified both the major architectural movements of the 19th century, in terms of materials, style and structure. * The offshoot English railway station at Crown Street, Liverpool (fig. 1), like all railway stations, was built mainly to provide shelter for its occupants passengers and trains. In addition, the preceding modes of transportation the canal and the century-old turnpike system had specially catered architecture for its passengers inns were used or else as departure points, relay stations and terminals. As in that respect was no precedent for this building type, most early railway stations, including Crown Street, had their shelters constructed based on the design of sheds built for cattle and wagon. However, the style of railway station evolved in the mid-19th century, due to unprecedented urban growth in cities in England, the change magnitude soci al significance of stations and opposition to railway construction.As railway companies began to expand their networks, more people started moving to the cities. Growth in traffic and migration led to overcrowding and congestion in the cities and soon there was a need for a re-evaluation of the station designs. * Railway stations bore social significance in 19th century England as they were iconic landmarks. Driven by the idea that the station was to the modern city what the city gate was to the ancient city, the stations design was the first impression that travellers got of the city/town. Rising affluence among the English due to the industrial boom meant that the public would also use the stations design to get a feel of the city and gauge how attractive it was to live in or travel to. One such casing is Euston station, universally lauded by the English public for its majestic Doric Arch entrance. As rail travel quickly became affordable for the musses in the 19th century, the design of railway stations also had to take into account class differences in English society. Therefore, the Crown Street station, and many other stations after it, also had different booking areas/waiting rooms designated for first-class and second-class passengers. * The wide-scale construction of railways throughout England faced much opposition from many locals, who criticised the pollution, noise and encroachment it made to rural landscapes.Therefore, builders used design and local building materials to absorb railways into the rural scene. Country stations were knowing to look like cottages, gate lodges and farmhouses, employ materials such as red brick in the Midlands, golden limestone in the Cotswolds and pale grey in Derbyshire. In the mid-19th century, station builders sought to achieve architectural feats due to increasing argument between companies. One such example was Paddington (fig.2) which boasted of having the widest single-span train shed at that time to cate r to the technical submits of the changes in occupant load and social identity. This became an example for other railway stations which were built after it. At the turn of the mid-19th century, due to a significant increase in new building material production, iron became increasingly available and was more frequently used in architecture. At the same time, railway stations were expanding in size due to increasing demand.Wider-span train sheds were needed to accommodate the growing occupant loads on trains. With the previous completion of works demonstrating the potential of iron in achieving wider-span roofs, railway builders started using it. Wide-span roofs allowed greater flexibility in accommodating the growing crowd and the alteration of track and platform beneath it. In addition, iron was regarded as the most worthy choice for railway sheds. As timber (the common material used before iron) deteriorated rapidly under the exposure to sulphurous steam produced by trains, iron, which was more resistant, was used as a substitute. This is a clear example of station builders adapting their materials to peculiar conditions in rail stations.PrisonsPrisons in England before the 19th century were places of temporary custody, where inmates regardless of age, gender or offence were locked together in a method known as congregate confinement. Such confinements were overcrowded and had poor ventilation, lighting and sanitation. Among the inmates, there were ill people, drunkards and lunatics. Due to lack of public funding, prisons were also poorly staffed and inmates welfare was usually neglected. Official statistics show that crime rates rose in the first half of the 19th century, before eventually falling in the second. The rise coincided with the rapid urban growth in the early years, which led to a demand for more prisons to be built, especially in the cities. In fact, 90 prisons were built or added to between 1842 and 1877. Notable prisons during that time incl ude Millbank, Newgate and Pentonville. The design of these three prisons were impact by ongoing social changes and prison reform movements.The 19th century also saw major reforms to the prison system in England, namely the mass building of large prisons and changes to the treatment of prisoners, due to a shift in societal perspectives. Firstly, severe punishment, often through public execution, became less favoured compared to calibrated punishment proportional to the crime. Secondly, thinkers like Foucault saw prison as a tool for disciplining the offender, for correction and reform. Social reformers like toilette Howard lobbied for prisoners to be separated according to their gender, crime and health, by solitary confinement and imposition of silence to encourage reflection and penitence among the prisoners. Another social reformer, Jeremy Bentham, conceptualised the Panopticon scheme for a model prison, which consisted of prisoners occupying cells in the circuit of a circular b uilding, allowing fewer guards to survey them from a central observation point.While the design was never implemented in its whole, the key idea of direction did take hold in certain prisons. Millbank prison incorporated this idea by building small storey surveillance towers for its staff from which they could receive and practice information. To deter potential offenders, the architecture style of prisons was adapted to ensure maximum secrecy and communicate the severity of crime. For example, in Pentonville, the imposing Gothic style was used to great effect, with a portcullis entrance and castellation around the walls, which featured in subsequent prison building. Such barriers kept the public fenced out and sent an implicit pass along about what went on inside. Another example would be the felons door in Newgate which was also ominous and foreboding with overpoweringly grim character. Such designs gave prisons their own peculiar appearance, which eventually became recognized by the public.Prison architects also sought to enforce the separation/confinement school of thought in their design of indispensable arrangements. Large rooms for congregated confinement were replaced with smaller individual solitary confinement cells. Partitions were erected in spaces whereby prisoners were gathered, such as chapels and workshops (fig.X). These designs were imposed to prevent interaction among prisoners and to emphasise penitence. At Newgate, the chapel was designed such that male felons, debtors and women would enter it through isolated corridors. The chapel feature was novel for its time, adhering to reformers belief that moral penitence could rehabilitate offenders. In Millbank, prisoners were separated in silent cells and could just graduate to work together in groups through good behaviour.ConclusionThe 19th century is widely seen as the era in which England developed into a modern state, owing to the Industrial Revolution which saw the inception of importan t inventions such as the steam railway locomotive and the development of the railroad and iron industries. Such technological changes also gave rise to socioeconomic changes in England, which affected the style, structure and materials of buildings. Railway stations had to be designed to cope with population growth in urban areas driven by economic development, still also be aesthetically pleasing some became iconic landmarks embedded in the public consciousness. The use of materials also had to take into account the practicalities of rail operations.On the other hand, prisons were more affected by social changes and penal reforms arising from public debate over crime and punishment. Prisons were expected to incorporate elements of rehabilitation in addition to punishment. Humanitarian reformers like Bentham and Howard also lobbied for the separation of prisoners rather than convocation confinement. These movements changed the way prisons were designed and built in the 19th centu ry. Both building types changed and evolved greatly in the 19th century not merely because of technological breakthroughs, but due to changing beliefs, values and attitudes in English society, which was going through an era of Enlightenment. Given the far reach of the British Empire then, these changes not only impacted England at that time but also its colonies throughout the world and remain visible today. 1 . Eric Evans, 2001, The Forging of the Modern State Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870 by (3rd edition) London Longman Pearson 2 . CarrollL. V. Meeks, 1956, The Railway Station An Architectural History, Yale University Press, USA, Pp. 27 3 . Christian Barman, 1950, An Introduction to Railway Architecture, Art and Technics, London, Pp. 16 4 . * Carroll L. V. Meeks, 1956, The Railway Station An Architectural History, Yale University Press, USA, Pp. 39 5 . The Inception of the English Railway Station 6 . Jack Simmons, 2003, The Impact of the Railway on Society in Britain, As hgate Publishing, Ltd, Pp. 122 7 . E2BN, 2006, Victorian Crime and Punishment from E2BN. East of England Broadband Network. Web. 5 Oct 2012 8 . Robin Evans, 1982. The Fabrication of Virtue English Prison Architecture, 1750-1840. Cambridge University Press, pp 247 9 . John Pratt, 1993. This Is Not a Prison Foucault, the Panopticon and Pentonville. Social & Legal Studies December 1993, pp 373-395 10 . Harold D. Kalman, 1969. Newgate Prison. Architectural History, Vol 12 1969. pp.7 11 . Harold D. Kalman, 1969. Newgate Prison. Architectural History, Vol 12 1969. pp.5 12 . David Wilson, 2002. Millbank, Panopticon and their Victorian Audiences. The Howard Journal, Vol 41 No. 4 September 2002. Pp 369

Does man survive better under natural law or civilized law

When asked this question, the first thing that pops into mind is what both of these mean. Civilized constabulary of nature is our current position in society, and natural law exists among people who are not a part of mainstream society. If taking the side of civilized law, one could argue how advanced and fortunate people have frame. We are scratch to witness the beginning of a bare-ass era. It is full of information and technology, and it will decide how the future is going to be. But despite all our new inventions and ideas that show us how were better than the generations before us, have we grown in any other ways?Does being under civilized law only mean becoming more advanced technologically, or does it also apply to our morals as well? Obviously, society has developed a dance orchestra in learning and technology. Today we have inventions such as the computer and nuclear power plants. Things that were never imagined long ago can be advantageously found today. Machines all eviate us of a lot of hard work that had to be done by hand, so in this sense we have become more fortunate under civilized law.On the other hand though, not all the technology we have is used for good. Society has produced some(prenominal) weapons vary to kill large quantities of people. Many people have to live in constant fear of these weapons, while others use them for protection. We keep mum have as many wars as we did in the past, entirely now the new technology used in them helps bring about more casualties. Could this be, by far, crueler than what our ancestors could ever possibly do to one another under the time of natural law?Besides the wars, society has not grown in understanding other people. There is still prejudice today. Many hate groups like the KKK are still around, and many new ones have come into being. In the past when our country was just starting to be formed, there were prejudices just because people were different. Over 100 years later, people havent cha nged much, and there is still prejudice, making one question if we have become a more knowledgeable society under the concept of civilized law.Technically we have become civilized under this concept. Society, though, cannot learn if this sort of ? civilized nature? is for the better or for the worse. Under civilized law we have created new inventions and ideas, however our morals have converted to a more barbaric state. The growing amounts of war, hatred, and acts of violence are demeaning to our current society. The concept of civilized law, whether intentional or not, has destroyed man. Maybe not technologically, but morally.

Ryanair’s Management and Creativity

1. In the book Management and Creativity (Bilton, 2007), Wilson and Cummings define dodge as two distinctive approaches strategy as position and strategy as process. The former, similarly referred to as strategy as orientation, takes a more top-down approach and is concentrated around a single leader. It attempts to establish a strategic position that will serve as a basis for differentiation, which is commonly seen as original and innovative. However, a booming implementation of the strategy a lot requires high monitoring and a hierarchal structure.Thus, the process itself is quite uncreative and there is little room for changes and innovation aft(prenominal) the strategy has been established. The leader plays an important role in this strategic approach by setting vision and directing employees, and he or she is often potently associated with the organization. Ryanairs CEO Michael OLeary is a great example of a leader within an orientation strategy organization. The other ap proach out bournd by Wilson and Cummings is strategy as animation.This adhocracy mood is commonly adapted by creative organizations and the strategy is more of an evolving process than a fixed strategic position. It is build upon small, continuous changes that emerge incrementally within the organization. In difference from orientation, adhocracy takes a bottom-up approach and the strategy is developed through a collective activity. The leaders role is not to govern and direct, but to set frames, and recognize and build upon meaningful patterns. Shared goals and harbors hold the company together and serve as the gum tree in the organization.The animation film studio Pixar serves as a great example of the adhocracy approach. Their process-oriented strategy and bottom-up approach has helped to nurture creativity and build a culture where everyones ideas matters and all employees are urged to speak their minds. Thus, creativity is seen as something that evolves through systems and networks, and not something that is isolated to a single leader. Posthocracy is a type of non-strategy. The style is often adapted by organizations that are subject to a lot of uncertainty and changes in their environment.The unpredictability of the future devises it difficult for the organizations to establish a strategy beforehand and decisions are often rationalized after they have been made. This approach is based on ego, emotions and personality. 1. 1 It can be argued that Michael OLeary follows a strategy as orientation approach. The low-cost strategy has come to define Ryanair and is deeply enrooted in the company. The attempt to reduce prices at all costs set the strategic direction. As in most orientation strategies, the company takes a top-down approach and the creativity is concentrated to the leader the CEO Michael OLeary.His controversial ideas are often seen as both new and revolutionary and he continuously finds the most radical ways to reduce prices. Still, the orga nization itself is highly monitored and controlled as to successfully contain costs down in every part of the look upon chain. Furthermore, as commonly seen in these types of strategy tendencies, Michael OLeary is strongly associated with the company. As described in the article, OLeary chose to embody the role of a cheap, no-nonsense, slightly unpleasant Everyman, which he would exploit to sell a cheap, slightly unpleasant flying experience to the Everyman. Arguably, M. OLeary is Ryanair. 2. According to current popular theories creativity is concerned with novelty and personal identity. For an idea to be considered novel, it should provide something new or a new combination of elements. The individualism concerns the originator of the idea who is seen as a brain who needs space and loose control to be able to flourish. The psychological theory modifies this idea by taking away the component of individualism and adding the idea of value and meaning. For an idea to be creative, t he innovation also needs to be valuable and give meaning. scarcely innovation is not enough.Both the concept of innovation and the one of value is context dependent to whom is the idea novel and to whom will it give meaning and value? According to Margaret Boden, novelty can be defined as new to the individual, H-creativity, or new to the world, P-creativity. A novel idea should be able to extend into one of these two. For an idea to give value and meaning it has to be fit for purpose and there will be different criterions for different situations. In a business context, a creative idea could be valuable if it improves the knuckle under on investment or if it fits with the times.In another context, a panel of experts great power decide if the innovation is valuable or not. An idea might also be defined as valuable if it has a specific intention. 2. 1 Ryanair has a low-cost strategy with the vision to be quick, efficient, affordable and safe. Michael OLeary is a visionary leader with nutty ideas that are considered radical by the rest of the air duct industry. OLeary says that in the air source business, organizations need to have a radical point of view otherwise everything will stay the same.However, new ideas should be in line with the low cost strategy of the company. Could the Ryanair idea of removing the pockets on the back of the seats be considered creative? It decreased Ryanairs cleaning time and thereby also the turn-around time at the airport and increased the punctuality. The idea was a new combination of elements and was new to the airline industry. It could therefore be argued to be novel. The idea was valuable for customers as it fulfilled the criterion of fitness to times customers are more time-sensitive today and therefore values on-time flights.OLeary argued that it is also valuable for the customers as they are price-sensitive, they do not want to have a pleasant experience they just want to be transported from A to B. For Ryanair, the idea is valuable as it decreases costs and improves the companys return on investment. At Ryanair, the organizational style of change is incremental the company is continuously improving and developing itself. One distinguishing feature of this style is that change is contingency even though the company is not in a maturity state or crisis of their life cycle. This is apparent as the company has presented net profit in 9 out of 10 recent years.The changes at Ryanair might look as radical to the rest of the airline industry, but it is in line with todays price-sensitive society. OLeary is boundary tweaking he is not thinking entirely outside the box but merely modifying the edges of the core business. It can be questioned if Ryanair sometimes make change just for changes sake. There is an impression that OLeary might implement changes (or propose them) just to provoke the industry. And is cheaper always more valuable? Do customers still value cheap tickets if they have to stand up or pay for the toilet?

Business Management Monica Ashley

Implementing strategic Change Monica Ashleys Experience The Monica Ashley Case illustrates a very conclusive example of how the correct use of goods and services of great force play and influence in management is as important as, and sometimes steady more important than, having all the right answers and being able to back them up with data. Power struggle, influence, politics, and impedance are all issues within this case study. It also prozides an example that witin project management it is essential to determine the key players, figure out what is important to them and expend strategic management skills to influence the project.Monica Ashley, a highly driven and ambitious woman was the project manager of Project Hippocrates at HEAL-INC. She had individual power to use the comp any(prenominal)s resources and people to accomplish job related tasks and duties. She initially had concerns near taking on the position however, with the personal encouragement and backing by the pre slopent of the company, Gary Dorr, she accepted. As the project manager, Monica had access and control over information such as reporting and data supporting the idea of purchasing a digital signal processor from an outside vendor.She also had information about the changes of customer call for and the competitors reactions to the changes. Therefore, her colleagues needed to depend on her to bring some of the problems they faced. This gave Monica information power. Although Monica had information power there were several types of power she was missing. Monica lacked reward power and coercive power. She couldnt give monetary bonuses, promotions or any other form of rewards to colleagues who had done well in the project.More importantly, Monica didnt have the power to punish anyone who hurt team morale and obstructed the make out of the project by engaging in organizational politics, such as Ralph Parker and Ed Kane. Monica had several years experience in important staff positions, which helped her in transferring her knowledge to this project however she lacked near power. She didnt have the expertise in designing and manufacturing of signal processors before taking up the project. She was relatively inexperient when compared with Parker and she had neither made major contribution to the company nor built close relationship with her olleagues. Her colleagues also less respected her than Parker who had high informal individual power including expert power because of his expertise in analog signal processors. Parker was the vice president of signal processor design, and he believed that he was the only person that could doom the type of processor (analog or digital) to be used in the project. On occasion he discredited Monicas research and stated that it wasnt competant. Monica chose not to come up with Parker and earlier continue on her track to comlete the project the best way she saw fit.Monica had legitimate power on the project with her team however sh e lacked with aged management. Dorr valued a peaceful and productive environment with no hot competitors. Based on her prior converstaion with Dorr it seemed he valued the teamwork aspect more than the expert power. Dorr was frustrated with her trusting that she had legitimate power and described her as an Imperial Chinese Emperor. Parker questioned her legitimate power when he shouted Who the hell do you think you are, going to an outside vendor. Parker throughout the case used coercive power to intimidate Monica.He taunted her by calling her a traitor and a renegade. The power used by Parker to influence Dorr was not discussed in the case since most of their interaction happened behind closed doors. Though, whatever power used, it surely was more rough-and-ready than that of Monica. Parker knew how to play the political game, while Monica thought that her numbers and data are going to be enough to get her targets buy in. Monicas influence manoeuvre relied heavily on rationa l persuasion. Before the Hippocrates project she used this rational persuasion successfully to influence Dorr.She backed up her views with data when he (Dorr) asked why she disagreed. Monicas attempt to use rational persuasion during project Hippocrates did not yield the same positive results. On the other hand, Parker and Kane knew how to play the game at HEAL-INC. While Monica stuck to one tactic using data and information, Parker and Kane used several tactics in an attempt to influence their targets. This included pressure and time worn-out(a) forming a coalition. Pressure was exerted on Monica, and she ate the bait and appeared to fight back. Monicas appearance to fight back worked against her since managers are expected to exert self-control.Behind closed doors, Parker and Kane brought Dorr to their side of the argument and used this coalition to marginalize Monicas proposal. Eventually near the conclusion of the project Monica was removed from her position. Monica realized t hat she was too caught up in the technological and marketing challenges and she did not focus on assessing the interests of other key players. She had data and content for the project but lacked a foundation because she did not align with others. Her manager, Dan Stella, essay to coach Monica to be more influential but he couldnt get her to listen to his advice.This proved to be an obstacle for her because when challenged by others Stella did not publically back her up. Stella had a lot at stake for his position in the company and therefore had to look out for himself. Monica also never addressed issues with Parker. She took her coworkers views of Parker as facts and did not bother to talk to him directly. Monica should have taken the opportunity to talk to Parker out of the context of presentations and possibly even work and learn more about him. The goal of meeting with Parker would have enabled her to build trust and rapport with him.She should have also worked actively on fin ding ways to include Parker in the finis making process. By including others in the project should would have encouraged positive input and perhaps eliminated behind-the-scenes maneuvering. In regards to Stella, rather than viewing his concerns as electronegative she needed to step back and reassess why he was coaching her. Stella was an invaluable alliance that she should have fostered and recognized. She should have given him the promise of more controlled demeanor and listening to his advice, in turn he may have been more willing to publically support her.Monica also made mistakes with Dorr. She went head on with Parker even though Dorr specifically told her not to do so. Her intensity rather than patience and teamwork concerned Dorr. She didnt do enough talking with Dorr about the project rather provided information in a public setting. The project required Dorrs support and she did not align with him to build a strong foundation. This misjudgement proved to be a major weaknes s for Monica. She harmed an opportunity that provided her direct contact with the President of the company, a contact that senior managers should embrace.In order to be more infulential in the future, Monica needs to avoid heavily relying on just the merit of her work and viewing politics with distaste. The numbers are not the only focus for senior management. Effective managers need to also have self-control and show a perception of being team players. Monica needs to work on her relationship with her peers and superiors at HEAL-INC. This includes reaching out to the President Gary Dorr, her boss Dan Stella and last but not least Parker and Kane. In addition to that Monica needs to adapt her influence style.Going forward, she needs to recognize the influence of others and build trusting relationships with the key players involved. References Porter, M. E. 1985, Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York Free Press. Hoskission, Hitt, Ireland, Harri son 2008, Competing for Advantage, Ohio South Western. Influence without Authority website, www. influencewithoutauthority. com Edersheim, E, The Definitive Drucker Cohen and Bradford, 2005, Implementing Strategic Change Monica Ashleys Experience Case Study

Cyber Security

Securingacomputersystemhastraditionallybeenabattleofwitsthepenetratortriestofind theholes,andthedesignertriestoclosethem. Gosser Warf atomic number 18hasal stylussbeenagameofcatandmouse. Astechnologyincreaseswarhastoadapt withit. Warshaveevolvedfromacontestofstrengthtoashowofpotential. antecedentlywarswere foughtwithlargearmiesandwhomevercould almosteffectivelyutilizethemosttroopswithbetter trainingwonnowhowever,asinglepersonwitha thermonuclearbomb give the bouncedestroyacitywithinseconds.In the1980s,anewtechnologyappe ardtheinternet. Atfirsttheinternetwasjustawayforpeopleto conveybysendingtextfilestoeachother. Soonhowevertheinternetbecameapublicplaceto storeandaccess cultivation. As muchandmorepersonalandclassified selective informationgetsstored,itis onlynaturalthatpeopletrytofindawayto take awayinformationfortheir knowledgebenefits. Cyberskirmishes are in effect(p)nowbeingfoughtonlinetogetmoreinformation.BruceBerkowitzsaidTheabilityto collect,communicate,process,and encourageinfo rmationisthemostimportantfactordefining armed forces power. Berkowitzarguesthatweaponryand workforcethatusedtobethemaindeterminingfactor ofwarswillloseouttotheamountofinformationthatacountryhas. subtlewheretheenemies have classtheirtroops/weaponswillallowaguidedmissilesandunmanneddronestowreak havoc. Cheapcyberweaponssuchaswormsandtrojans(viruses)canneutralize courtly 2 eaponsasmissilesandnukes1. AccordingtotheDepartmentofHomelandSecurityOurdailylife,economicvitality,and demesneal warranterdependonastable,safe,andresilientcyberspace. We deponeonthis capaciousarrayof networkstocommunicateandtravel,powerourhomes,runoureconomy,andprovidegovernment services. Yetcyberintrusionsandattackshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthelastdecade,exposing mediumpersonaland worryinformation,disruptingcriticaloperations,andimposinghighcostson theeconomy. 2 Unlikeanyothertechnologicaladvancement,informationtechnologyhaschangedhowwars arefought. Beforeinformationtechnologywarswerealwaysaboutkillingenemycom batants,now skirmishesareaboutthespeedofmaneuveringpacketsofinformation. Thereisnolongerafrontin warratheritisallaboutlittlebattlesbetweencounterinvasionandinvasion. Whilepreviouslya command amountwouldbeuntargetableunlessyou go aroundtheenemyarmies,noweachbattleonline isconsistedofitsownsecuritysystem. Whatweareseeingarethreatsagainstcriticalinfrastructure, saidCybersecurity technologicalJessicaHerreraFlaniganoftheMonument policyGroup. So,weare talkingaboutthreatsagainstourenergysector,thebankingsector,telecommunications,smartgrids, oilandgasbasically,allthecriticalassetsthatwehavethatoperateourdaytoday livelyarebeing impacted. Liketraditionalwar,cyberwarhastwobasictypesofattacksdisruptionandespionage. 1 ttps//www. cia. gov/library/centerforthestudyof cognition/csipublications/csistudies/studies/vol48no4/ new_face_of_war. html 2 http//www. dhs. gov/cybersecurityoverview 3 Disruptionattackscanbecomparedtotraditionalbattlesbetweentwoarmies. Attacksofthistypeis designedtohaltaspecifi c layorserver. Espionageattacksaregenerallyattacksforclassified information. Commonattacksincludedenialofserviceattack,viruses,wormsandtrojans.Countries suchasChinaandIndiaarerapidlyoutpacingtheUnitedStatesinthefieldofinformationtechnology. ShouldtheUnitedStatesnotbeabletokeepupwithChinaandIndiaininformationtechnology,these countrieswillbeabletostealinformationontheUnitedStatesinfrastructureandmilitarysecrets. WhatisComputerSecurity Cybersecurityisusedtodescribeasetofhardware,softwareandcodingdesignedtoprotecta nation/ bon tonsnetworks,computers, course of instructionsanddatafromanytypeofunauthorizedaccess.Thereare oppositetypesofofcybersecurityApplicationsecurityisspecifictodifferentapplications (programs)anddealswiththemeasuresthattheprogramtakes epochitisrunningtopreventerrors andhandleexceptionswhenthereisaflaw(anexampleofthiscanbetheWindowsBlueScreenof Death). Informationsecurityiswhenacompany/nationtriestodefendinformationortrade/military secretsfromunauthorizedaccess(anexampl eofthisiswhenGmailisencryptingitspasswords). DisasterrecoveryistheprocessinwhichaprogramtriestorecoverdataaftCyber SecuritySecuringacomputersystemhastraditionallybeenabattleofwitsthepenetratortriestofind theholes,andthedesignertriestoclosethem. Gosser warfarehasalwaysbeenagameofcatandmouse. Astechnologyincreaseswarhastoadapt withit. Warshaveevolvedfromacontestofstrengthtoashowofpotential. Previouslywarswere foughtwithlargearmiesandwhomevercouldmosteffectivelyutilizethemosttroopswithbetter trainingwonnowhowever,asinglepersonwithanuclearbombcandestroyacitywithinseconds.In the1980s,anewtechnologyappearedtheinternet. Atfirsttheinternetwasjustawayforpeopleto communicatebysendingtextfilestoeachother. Soonhowevertheinternetbecameapublicplaceto storeandaccessinformation. Asmoreandmorepersonalandclassifiedinformationgetsstored,itis onlynaturalthatpeopletrytofindawaytostealinformationfortheirownbenefits. Cyberskirmishes arerightnowbeingfoughtonlinetogetmoreinformation.BruceBerkowitzsaidTheabi lityto collect,communicate,process,andprotectinformationisthemostimportantfactordefiningmilitary power. Berkowitzarguesthatweaponryandmanpowerthatusedtobethemaindeterminingfactor ofwarswillloseouttotheamountofinformationthatacountryhas. Knowingwheretheenemies havegroupedtheirtroops/weaponswillallowaguidedmissilesandunmanneddronestowreak havoc. Cheapcyberweaponssuchaswormsandtrojans(viruses)canneutralizeconventional 2 eaponsasmissilesandnukes1. AccordingtotheDepartmentofHomelandSecurityOurdailylife,economicvitality,and nationalsecuritydependonastable,safe,andresilientcyberspace. Werelyonthisvastarrayof networkstocommunicateandtravel,powerourhomes,runoureconomy,andprovidegovernment services. Yetcyberintrusionsandattackshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthelastdecade,exposing sensitivepersonalandbusinessinformation,disruptingcriticaloperations,andimposinghighcostson theeconomy. 2 Unlikeanyothertechnologicaladvancement,informationtechnologyhaschangedhowwars arefought. Beforeinformationtechno logywarswerealwaysaboutkillingenemycombatants,now skirmishesareaboutthespeedofmaneuveringpacketsofinformation. Thereisnolongerafrontin warratheritisallaboutlittlebattlesbetweencounterinvasionandinvasion. Whilepreviouslya commandcenterwouldbeuntargetableunlessyoubypasstheenemyarmies,noweachbattleonline isconsistedofitsownsecuritysystem. Whatweareseeingarethreatsagainstcriticalinfrastructure, saidCybersecurityexpertJessicaHerreraFlaniganoftheMonumentPolicyGroup. So,weare talkingaboutthreatsagainstourenergysector,thebankingsector,telecommunications,smartgrids, oilandgasbasically,allthecriticalassetsthatwehavethatoperateourdaytodaylivingarebeing impacted. Liketraditionalwar,cyberwarhastwobasictypesofattacksdisruptionandespionage. 1 ttps//www. cia. gov/library/centerforthestudyofintelligence/csipublications/csistudies/studies/vol48no4/ new_face_of_war. html 2 http//www. dhs. gov/cybersecurityoverview 3 Disruptionattackscanbecomparedtotraditionalbattlesbetweentwoarmies. Attacksofthistype is designedtohaltaspecificsiteorserver. Espionageattacksaregenerallyattacksforclassified information. Commonattacksincludedenialofserviceattack,viruses,wormsandtrojans.Countries suchasChinaandIndiaarerapidlyoutpacingtheUnitedStatesinthefieldofinformationtechnology. ShouldtheUnitedStatesnotbeabletokeepupwithChinaandIndiaininformationtechnology,these countrieswillbeabletostealinformationontheUnitedStatesinfrastructureandmilitarysecrets. WhatisComputerSecurity Cybersecurityisusedtodescribeasetofhardware,softwareandcodingdesignedtoprotecta nation/companysnetworks,computers,programsanddatafromanytypeofunauthorizedaccess.TherearedifferenttypesofofcybersecurityApplicationsecurityisspecifictodifferentapplications (programs)anddealswiththemeasuresthattheprogramtakeswhileitisrunningtopreventerrors andhandleexceptionswhenthereisaflaw(anexampleofthiscanbetheWindowsBlueScreenof Death). Informationsecurityiswhenacompany/nationtriestodefendinformationortrade/military secretsfromunauthorizedaccess( anexampleofthisiswhenGmailisencryptingitspasswords). Disasterrecoveryistheprocessinwhichaprogramtriestorecoverdataaft

Student Version of Decleration of Independence

When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for students to break off with their p atomic number 18nts and teachers and to become self-directed they must explain why they deserve to be self-supporting to the rest of the world. This requires us, as students to write our own Declaration of Independence for the rest of the world to see and comprehend why we should be and will be single-handed to show our oppression against our teachers. To begin with, it is obvious that all students are created equal and are given by their creator the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of whatever makes them happy.To educate these rights, teachers should allow students do as they wish. However, when teachers begin a long train of mistreatment and machination against students with their communistic ways and Pearl Harbor sneak attacks with discipline it shows they only want to obtain every aspect of our lives. Do we not deserve respect? It is the duty and right of us sapient studen ts to mature rid of the control our fastidious teachers have over the students and our school.Furthermore, students have been very patient with the teachers and faculty of South Gwinnett High School, but with such a long history of mistreatment, botheration and constant nagging from the staff it is only right that the rest of the world finds out what has been happening. It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights. They give us repeated pointless referrals they give us way too much work with no time to finish. Staff are constantly questioning students in the hallways and telling us what to wear.They tell us when we can or cannot use the restroom they tell us that we only have six minutes to get to each class, which is not enough time. Our lockers are too small and our lunches are inedible. They refuse to let us go off campus for lunch, and they refuse to let us self-checkout anymore. They punish us if we do not make it to class on time by button to the tardy room, and they punish us for gratuitous reasons that were unsporting and not our fault. Even after all of this mistreatment, the students including myself have expressed how we felt to our teachers.However, our complaints have fallen flat. And as usual we have been shunned and ignored. We have even brought our posture to the ears of administrators, teachers from different schools and parents, but we have been muted. A petition to ease the dictatorship of our teachers was refused by many. Some even attempted to post posters illustrating how the students felt. Students even tried going on strike, refusing to go to classes. Meetings to try and sit down with the faculty of South Gwinnett to discuss the matter were ignored as well.The betrayal was stern. Do we not deserve respect? Though, now we must announce that we are accommodating in this debauchery and separating ourselves from the school as a whole to become more independent and liberated. We, therefore the students and representative of South Gwinnett High School in Snellville Georgia present these facts to the rest of the country and the world for freedom. And with this, the students of South Gwinnett write and declare that we are now independent from South Gwinnett High School.

Energy Technology Data Center Migration Case Study Solution

Advantage brawniness technology Data Center Migration* Brian Smith, electronic network administrator at Advanced Energy Technology (AET),has been given the responsibility of implementing the migration of a large data center to a new office location. Careful planning is needed beca aim AET operates in the highly competitive petroleum industry. AET is one of five field computer software companies that suffer an accounting and business management box for oil jobbers and gasoline distributors.A just about years ago, AET jumped into the practical application service provider world. Their large data center provides clients with outback(a) access to AETs complete suite of application software systems. Tradition wholey, one of AETs primary quill competitive advantages has been the comp alls trademark IT dependableness. Due to the compositeity of this regard, Brian will have to use a parallel method of implementation. Although this will increase intention costs, a parallel coming is e ssential if reliability is not to be compromised.Currently, AETs data center is located on the second floor of a renovated old bank mental synthesis in downtown Corvallis, Oregon. The company is moving to a new, one-level construction located in the recently developed industrial complex at the Corvallis International Airport. On February 1, Brian is formally assigned the line by the Vice-President of Operations, Dan Whitmore, with the following guidelines From start to finish, it is anticipated the entire determine will take leash to four months to complete. It is essential that AETs 235 clients brook no downtime.Whitmore advises Brian to come back to the Executive delegacy on February 15, with a presentation on the background signal of the ascertain that includes costs, firstcut timeline, and proposed project aggroup members. Brian had some preliminary discussions with some of AETs managers and directors from each of the functional departments and then arranged for a full- tw enty-four hours scope meeting on February 4 with a few of the managers and technical If you forebode to get a full essay, order it on our website Outline / Highlights Case Advantage Energy Technology Data Center Migration Brian smith network administratorAdvanced Energy Technology (AET) Implementing migration of large data center to a new office location Petroleum industry 1 of 5 national software companies that provide accounting and business management package for oil jabbers and gasoline distributors Provide remote access to AETs complete suite of software Due to complexness use parallel method of implementation This will lead to high project costs / but provide reliability Continue to provide IT reliability Currently AETs data center is located on 2nd floor of old renovated bank building in downtown Corvallis, Oregon accompany is moving to new 1-story bldg. ndustrial complex at Corvallis International Airport on February 1st. Assigned task by Vice-President of Operations, Da n Whitmore Completion date is 3 4 months.Complete no later than June 1st 235 clients suffer no downtime Come back on Feb 15th with presentation of Project Scope INCLUDING cost, first cut timeline and proposed project team members Full Scope Meeting Feb 4th with Managers, technical representatives from Operations, Systems, facilities, and applications SCOPE IS 3 4 months is a feasible project timeline and 1st cut estimate is $80,000. 00 $90,000. 0 (includes infrastructure upgrade to new site) Critical no downtime Need to rely on remote disaster recovery baking hot site for full functionality personnel office Brian is Project Manager 1 person each from facilities Operations Systems Operations Telecommunications Systems Applications Customer Service First meeting with team is March 1st. This is the initial task After meeting hire contractile organs to renovate new data center Also need to figure out how to design the network Screening and hiring contractor will take 1 week. Netwo rk Design 2 weeks Needs new ventilation system has lead time of 3 weeksNeeds Ambient temperature of 67 degrees for equipment Order racks for switches, servers, and other network devices Racks have two-week delivery time Replace all force out supplies and data cables NEED TO ORDER (1 week time habitus to order lead time) Ventilation and racks need to be done first Time snare for ventilation system is 1 week Time frame for racks installation is 3 weeks Construction will take 20 years Once construction begins and before Brian installs the ventilation system, and racks, the city inspector must esteem the construction of the raised floor.City Inspector will take two years to inspect Infrastructure Once construction begins it will take 20 days After city inspection and after new power supplies and cables have arrived Brian can install power supplies and run the cables Estimation of completion is 5 days to install the power supplies and 1 week to install data cables NEED SWITCHOVER A PPROVAL from all functional units before taking network offline, and switching to hot site Meetings with all functional units will take 1 week. During this time check voltage and make sure it is sufficient Requires 1 day.After completion of power check it will take one week to install test servers, batteries need to be charged, ventilation installed, test servers up and running before guidance can sign off that new infrastructure is safe. THIS WILL TAKE 2 days Then sign off systems check, taking one day of intense meetings and then set official date of network move. Move will take place on weekend in 2 days. fitting is1. Generate a priority matrix for AETs system move2. Develop a WBS for Brians project. Include duration (days) and predecessors3. Using a project planning tool, generate a network diagram for this entire project. ote Base your plan on the following guidelines 8 hour days, 7 day weeks, no holiday breaks, March 1st, 2010 is the project start date. Assignment requiremen ts This Portfolio Project will consist of a scholarly paper (in APA format) and a PowerPoint presentation. You may select any case study (other than those used in other class assignments) or a case study from another source (must be approved in advance by the instructor). You should write your paper and make your presentation from the standpoint of a hired business consultant. The project will address the following elements (1) What is the legitimate situation? 2) What needed to happen? (3) What are the constraints? (4) What resources are required? (5) Who is responsible for the resources? (6) What is the timeframe of the project (including sequencing of sub tasks)? (7) What are the costs associated with the project (or not doing the project, or purge failing)? (8) What is the return on investment for the project? (9) What is the risk assessment for the project? (10) What is the method for tracking the progress of the project? For the project, you are required to present a summary of the case study.This summary should contain enough information so the reader understands the situation presented in the case study. You will then complete all the questions presented with the case study (as applicable). While all the questions, including the 10 elements listed above, need to be answered within your paper please do not just list the questions and then the answers. You are expected to incorporate the questions presented in your discussion. The PowerPoint presentation will be based on your paper. This is where you will present the findings of your research.You PowerPoint will need to present the flowing situation and then present your findings and solutions. There should be no new information in your PowerPoint presentations as you are presenting your paper. Your presentation should last 10 15 minutes (based on the content of the script). The main body of your paper is expected to be at least 10 pages. (You will have several(prenominal) charts and diagrams in your paper to address the elements above. ) In addition, you will need to use at least five (5) external resources to support your recommendations and findings. At least three (3) of these resources need to come from the school online library.

Analysis on Causes and Symptoms of Job Stress in the Workplace

Job stress poses a significant threat to employee wellness and consequently to the health of an organization. This report will provide information on the causes of stress, the resulting symptoms, the consequences to employers, and the programs employers can implement to reduce the adverse effects of stress in the study.It is important for both employees and employers to take and understand stress and its causes. Often times employers confuse job challenges and job stressors. Most employees view a job challenge as a motivating accompanimentor, which enables them to grow within their positions. This motivation has the potential to produce positive results for both employees and employers.However, when challenges force demands, employees often resort to the fight or flight response of our prime ancestors. At the sight of a dangerous encounter, the hypothalamus sends a message to the adrenal glands and within seconds the heart is pumping at two or three times the regulation speed, sending blood to the major muscle groups with soaring blood pressure. In most cases, the employee does not return the opportunity to fight or flee, and as a result the increased energy is internalized and over time manifests itself as stress.Stress is not an illness, however prolonged exposure to stressful conditions can increase the risk of infection of injury or disease. tally to the National bestow for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), job stress can be defined as the catastrophic physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee. For instance, management style, interpersonal relationships, toy roles, c beer concerns, work-life issues, sociocultural automated teller, and environmental conditions may all be considered stressors.The following illustrations represent extreme cases, but a common thread between all of the role models is want of communication, lack of resources , and lack of control. Typically, people atomic number 18 affected by an assortment of these stressors and at a variety of levels.Many employees suffer from stress caused by managers who expect results without establishing clear goals. An example would be an office head that is responsible for increasing profitability and decreasing overhead, without receiving a budget from the home office. At the end of the year, the office heads performance cannot be considered objectively. Consequently, his or her incentive compensation becomes subjective.Interpersonal Relationships In many organizations, workers have little decision-making power. For example, a customer service representative is responsible for fielding ingress calls. Inevitably, the calls ar primarily from angry customers concerned about a late shipment. The representative has no control over the shipping incision and in fact has virtually no communication with that department. After listening to the customers complaints ov er a period of time, the representative has several suggestions which management could implement in the shipping department that may improve customer satisfaction. Unfortunately, management is not interested in the ideas of a customer service representative. And as a result, the representative is attacked daily by angry customers whose concerns could have been pr plainted.Work Roles Some employees suffer from stress caused by excess responsibility and a shortage of time. An example of which might be a salesperson who has a broad scope of responsibilities with little support and a full travel schedule. In many instances, the salesperson is unable to meet unreal reporting deadlines because of excessive travel.Career Concerns Other employees may stress about an impending reorganization and its potential consequences. For example, management hires a consulting firm to evaluate departmental effectiveness and profitability. The employees may feel that management views their work as subst andard and is formulating a reduction in forces plan which could ultimately affect their jobs.Work-Life Issues Often workplace stress is caused by balancing personal and professional responsibilities. For example, a nurse who also has to care for an aging, dependant parent.Sociocultural Atmosphere Some employees are subjected to an automated teller machine of gender bias and/or sexual harassment. For example, a woman works as a real estate broker, which is a male-dominated field. She is constantly subjected to sexual innuendo. She is even made to look incompetent in client meetings by her male counterparts who ask ridiculous and irrelevant questions.Environmental Conditions Employees are required to perform in adverse working conditions which often cause signs of stress. For instance, a mill worker is subjected to the constant humming of machines.Repeated exposure to stressful situations such as those mentioned to a higher place often cause symptoms such as difficulty concentrati ng, sleep disturbances, irritability, and boredom. Other warning signs may accommodate upset stomach, job dissatisfaction, muscle tension, and low morale. Studies have shown that stress in the workplace has been linked to some of the leading causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, workplace accidents, cirrhosis, and suicide.According to the Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health, studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs which countenance employees little control over work process increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is also widely believed that job stress produces an increased risk of butt and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, several studies suggest that a variety of mental health problems, from burnout to depression, have been linked to job stress. Although more studies are needed, it has become a mounting concern that on-the-job injuries are on the rise due to job related stress.According to the Journ al of Occupations and Environmental Medicine, healthcare expenditures are nearly 50% greater for workers who report high levels of stress. Furthermore, the American Institute of Stress estimates that more than 75% of all doctor visits are for stress-related complaints or disorders. the great unwashed also spent nearly $11 billion last year on stress management programs, products and services.Although stress poses a variety of health concerns to individuals, organizations also suffer its consequences. According to the National Safety Council, it is estimated that one million workers are absent on an average workday because of stress related complaints. Furthermore, to the American Institute of Stress reports that 40 percent of employee turnover is related to job tension. A study published in the Journal of Group Dynamics Theory, Research, and Practice, found that when workers are under stress, they tend to lose their group perspective and focus on their own personal goals to the detr iment of their colleagues.In a study of 100 naval personnel, each three-member group was subjected to a decision-making task simulation under varying stressful conditions. As expected, those in operation(p) under the highest level of stress performed worse than those operating under normal circumstances. Furthermore, the study indicated that the higher the stress level, the subject acted from a more individual perspective, which ultimately deteriorated team performance. In addition, the 1995 Workers Compensation Yearbook reportsIn 1960, a Michigan court upheld a compensation claim by an automotive assembly-line worker who had difficulty keeping up with the pressures of the production line. To avoid move behind, he tried to work on several assemblies at the same time and often got parts mixed up. As a result, he was subjected to tell criticism from the foreman. Eventually, he suffered psychological breakdown.By 1995, nearly one-half of the States allowed worker compensation claim s for emotional disorders and disability due to stress on the job note, however, that courts are reluctant to uphold claims for what can be considered ordinary working conditions or just hard work (NIOSH).Given that job stress is estimated to cost U. S. industry $ccc billion annually as assessed by absenteeism, diminished productivity, employee turnover, and consequently legal fees and insurance premiums, it is important for employers to implement programs that promote a low stress atmosphere in the workplace. The American Psychologists Association recommends the following organizational changes to help prevent job stressOther elements of a healthy company include render communication, employee involvement, health-enhancing work environments, community responsibility, and institutional fairness. Many companies have taken a variety steps to promote this type of atmosphere. For example, Harley-Davidson, the Milwaukee-based motorcycle manufacturer, implemented the use of work groups i n its Capital Drive plant in 1995. Since then, there has been a steady decline in workers compensation claims which resulted in higher profits for the company.According to John Gillard, president of PACE Local 7-0209, workers feel they have more control over their jobs because they have a voice in day-to-day operations. Honeywell offers employee financial aid counselors and stress management classes. The Leo Burnett advertising agency in Chicago, has a on-site massage therapist once a week, while National semiconductor unit of Santa Clara, California provides an on-site fitness center that offers yoga and karate among other things.While some companies suffer the consequences of stress in the workplace, others like Massachusetts based WFD, Inc. (WFD), profit from it. WFD offers modern services that assist employers in facilitating the needs of their employees thereby producing measurable business results such as customer loyalty and satisfaction, revenues and profits and shareholde r value. WFDs services include employee commitment audits, work-life strategy consulting, community investment and dependent care strategy consulting, and workplace flexibility consulting.

Everything is an Argument

Who commissioned the poll? B. Who is publishing the results? C. Who was being surveyed? In what proportions? D. What stakes do these parties have in the outgrowth? Results can vary depending on how the question is asked d) Testimonies, Narratives, and Interviews- Personal experiences Very convincing when dropd c befully Most effective when person has some credibility a. display case I. Interviews with eye witnesses ii. Evaluations Of an person or event (be careful Of subjectivity) Ill. Artistic Appeals I.Using Reason and Common Sense a) Logic- formal study of principle of basising Syllogisms- method of deductive reasoning assuming a major principle applies to all minor cases, errors occur when middle term is unrelated to topic in discussion a. Ex. tout ensemble human beings are mortal. Socrates is a human being. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. B) Most people effectively use informal logic, stating claims and drawing conclusions, consciously or subconsciously c) Entitlement = clai m + reason Condensed arguments, rely on implied informationPersuasive when readers agree with ideas on which they are ground a. Ex. The presentation will be postponed because there is a surprise guest- speaker. Ii. Cultural Assumptions and Values- many arguments based on culture and history a) Because of its history, the United States bases many arguments on equity and fairness Enthronements on these principles need less formal support b) Even when citing ethnic values, be careful Values open to interpretation iii. Providing Logical Structures for Argument a) Degree- More of a broad(a) thing, or less off bad thing, is good Common, rarely noticed a.Ex. The health benefits of stem cell research will surely outweigh the ethical risks b) Analogies- Explaining an idea by comparing it to something else More labyrinthian and symbolic than metaphors and similes a. Ex. Comparison between human society and animal behaviors c) Precedent- Also involves comparison, doing something in a busi ness office because it was done in a similar situation Using what has been done in the past as a model for what to do now a. A national bank saved the economy in the past, so we should establish one now.Summary Argue meets based on logos use logic, reasoning, and evidence to make their point. Inartistic arguments, arguments based on facts, evidence, statistics, or testimonies, are set up as statement (or claim) then proof (or evidence). Artistic arguments are founded on logic and reasoning and are structured as Enthronements. Enthronements use the basic formatting of claim then reasoning. The reasoning itself can be introduced as a degree, an analogy, or a precedent. Overall, using logos adds truth and life-threatening logic to arguments, which can be very persuasive if used properly.

Tesco Organisational Change

Introduction This assignment is based on the concept of Organization variety show and it entrust discuss around various concept of c atomic number 18en within an organic law. It is based on the selection of an validation that has undergone through a change and in which people has adopted or resist the strategies of change. Aims and Objectives This assignment will be comprise of the below mentioned objectives that will rattling analyze all the changes that an organization has real sloped. * To identify the processes and model of change and what are the strategies that might help in encourages people to corroboratoryly respond to that change. To identify the main drivers that has actually triggered the pauperisation for change in the organization. * To analyze the organisational change with the help of EFQM model. * To evaluate how people will react to that change and will survive within that change. * To identify the ship bottomal that can help in dealing with the resistan ce towards that change. * To evaluate the strategic change initiatives and what recommendation can be switch in order to collect healthy data and avoid biasness. What is change? According to Potter, Mark (2011) change is an activity that takes out the organization or a person out of their thriving zone.It is sometimes positive and sometimes negative and takes time for the adjustments. According to Chhabra et al (2007) variantiates that Organizational change is the change that comes in the overall on the job(p)(a) environment of an organization and sometimes cause discomfort to the people initially. Organizational change According to Potter, Mark (2011) Organizational change is a state that an organization undergoes from one state to another. This change can be in the policy, strategy, technology and culture of an organization.This change can be sudden or preplanned and requires wise strategies towards the management of people working in an organization. Change management Ac cording to searchcio-mid merchandise. tech target. com Change management is a methodical experimental condition which deals with change both at the individual and organizational level. It deals with three different aspects. 1. Controlling change. 2. Effecting change. Tesco According to the Tesco website it is the Britains foremost retail family which is dealing with 37,000 stores all over the world and pull in employed over 440,000 people.Tesco is dealing with 30 countries outside the United Kingdom. Tesco is actually working on the concept of change and all the employees are striving hard to respond to those changes. The relate Tesco has graduation appeared on a shop in Edgware in 1929 and since that time this company has developed and grown up with so many untested innovations and opportunities for the transaction and for the people as well. By the early 1990s Tesco has faced so many strong competitors and for checking at the competitive edge they lease to extradite to nic strategies according to the new situations so here concept of change occurs.Sir Terry Leah was actually wise in make decisions. He was the Chief executive in 1997 so he decided to catch out where they are actually lacking so that they can easily work on those areas. So he found the root cause on which they need to work. He came up with the statement that we are good in buying and selling moreover we have actually forgotten the needs of our customers so he decided to pay oft more(prenominal) attention to their customers. So he started this activity with the simple doubt asked by the customers what are we doing wrong?After this question they actually started investing in those areas that matters to customers e. g. the loyalty scheme such as ordering tease, Tesco. com, our internet substructure obtain service. He further illustrates his concept with giving ease to the customers and giving them a reason to come back to Tesco again and again. Tesco Mission Statement Crea ting determine for customers, to earn their life time loyalty. Values behind Tesco military control * No one tries harder for customers. * Treat people how we like to be treated. Objectives of the companyThe main objective of the company is to better understand their customers than any organization. Tesco not only considers their customers much more important but they are as well very much conscious in terms of the innovation of their products and services. Their concept behind best customer service and introducing best products are to attract their shareholders and gain the growth in sales, profits and returns. Tesco actually work around these three objectives. * To gain growth in sales, profits and returns. * To assemble the needs of the customers by proving them best services and products. To satisfy its shareholders. Organizational change in Tesco There is a marketing statement mentioned in ivy thesis . grapheme pad. com that success breeds failure so it shows that nada el se is constant in business and in order to stay at the competitive edge business should respond to the changing demands of the world. Tesco has foc utilize on these demands so that they can stay competitive and can respond to their competitors. The following difference can show their attention towards the demands of the world. Tesco in Past According to Finch, Julia (2010).Tesco in the bygone was just like a typical traditional food retailer company that only focused on the substantial assets of the business like products, family and money. They had not paid any attention towards the intangible assets of business like customers satisfaction, services providing ease to the customers. This has actually inclined hard times to Tesco in the ago and very soon this thing was realized by Tesco that the older methods will not work for the business as the concept of Globalization was spreading very fast so Tesco started responding to the changes required.Tesco in Present Tesco in present has moved its attention towards more innovative and intangible things. This was the first step of Tesco towards innovation and working beyond its limits as in 1995 they introduced decree cards which are now offering air miles and club card points in 5000 different venues in the UK. Rowley (2005) states that the club cards has given good opportunities for customer interactions and engaging large number of corporate partners in delivering and earning rewards. These club cards are actually building up a strong relationship among customers and Tesco.Another innovative step of Tesco is the use of internet for their customers i. e. Tesco. com. It has actually strengthened the communication between consumers and Tesco as people can inquire through Tesco website regarding grocery, music books and so on. According to Tesco. com (2005) customers can enter their complaints on the same website where the problem list are already present and customers needs to fill in the right area. These compl ain can be related to quality of food, out of date products and so on.For making the life easier for the customers Tesco has given more in store facilities, long opening hours, shorter queues trained lag. Topic 1 Drivers for Change In order to find out the competitive target of an organization firstly I company need to check what factors are actually triggering for change. So what that reason lots of cultivation is required which can tell the position of the company where it is standing at the present and where it will be in the future so making these predictions more clearer Porters 5 forces model can be used that will tell each and every aspect of that organization.Porters 5 Forces Porter 5 forces helps in analyzing the outside environment of an organization and provide beforehand preparations so that company can gets ready for any kind of pitfalls that may arise in business. It covers the following steps. * emulation. * Substitutes. * Buyers. * Suppliers. * Barriers to entry . Rivalry Rivalry is the central force that involves other forces as well. Tesco has many rivals in the market so for making its position stronger and giving tough competition to its rivals Tesco forever and a day keep its position up-to-date and respond to the changing demands of the world.So the launch of club cards and other internet websites are the steps taken to stay at the competitive edge and be a strong contender for its rivals. Substitutes Rivalry actually makes the profits zero as it is a threat. As the market has many supermarkets so they can be the substitutes for Tesco so in order to avoid missing their customers they need to provide them with extraordinary customer service. So Tesco has made that possible by giving Club cards and showing that the customers are at the heart of Tesco has actually won the loyalty of their customers.Tesco has substitute like Sainsbury which has got the kindred products and has decreased the prices of products in both companies. Buyers P ower of buyer is another cause of decrease in the prices as if the cost of floor is more in Tesco buyer can easily switch over to Sainsbury. But Tesco is fortunate in this case as there are not lot big markets that makes the markets more discipline and stops them of pricing war. Supplier Tesco has an advantage over the suppliers as they quote the price to the suppliers and suppliers have to admit that as Tesco has a strong position and they can quote on their own.If suppliers do not fulfill the demand they will have no one to sell their goods so Tesco takes a good advantage over their suppliers. Barriers to entry Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury are the barriers to entry for the new supermarkets. As they have an advantage over the suppliers in the economy of scale as they can buy large volume of goods on less prices whereas the new entrants needs to buy small quantities very expensive. Process for change Source www. google. com (Kurt Lewin,1951) UnfreezeTesco has used the concept of unfree zing by telling their employees and realizing them the needs of their customers. They gave them the image that Tesco needs to stay at the competitive edge and for that they need the loyalty of their customers. For getting that loyalty they need to pay full attention towards the satisfaction of their customers. So they have to done some assort of technological, social and cultural changes that will increase their publicity among their customers. So they ensure the readiness of their employees towards the change in their working schedules.Change Tesco has started the club cards in 1995 by giving full training to their employees that they al ports need to ask the customers have you got a club card this was the way of giving promotion to the club cards. Employees were also provided with the information that this strategy of launching club cards will give competitive edge to Tesco and the company can stay more in touch with the loyal customers so they just need to look and offer the cl ub cards to their customers who will definitely give rise to the profits.For making the employees ready for the extra work load Tesco has given them the information that they will also get 10% give the axe with their staff privilege card on their purchasing from the store which makes the employees happy that at least they are also getting benefits out of it. Employees were also informed of the Tesco. com and that the customers will do shopping online so they need to be more efficient and with the same thing they were given proper training that how to deal with online shopping and it will give rise to the business and the business will give them promotions and bonuses for their hard work.Refreeze The launch of Club cards and Tesco. com has actually given rise to the Tesco sale as it makes easier for the customers that even while sitting at home they can shop whatever they want to have. It has actually increased the customers for Tesco as the slogan of Tesco says Every little helps s o they are actually working on that as they have kept an eye on even the little needs of their customers. According to Harvey, Oliver (2007). , The UK has stated that Tesco is the most developed online grocery market in the world with more than 1. million people shopping online. ( Daily Record, 2004) Organizational change for context According to Pagano, Margareta (1987) cultural web analysis was given by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes in 1992. It can help in make observing and then making some changes in an organizations culture. It helps in exposing cultural hypothesis and practices and aligns the work with organizations elements and the strategies used within an organization. As mentioned above different changes in Tesco which has given a positive rise to the business.Here in this cultural web analysis the change of introducing club cards has increased the work lots of people so what initiatives should be made in order to support the already occurred change. There are six eleme nts which can help in making those changes stronger. Stories Whenever a change occurs in any organization it comes with lots of previous stories like it will increase workloads without any benefits. It will give different type of job specifications so in order to avoid all these stories the employees will have in advance trainings and incentives so that they can welcome the change positively and should be ready for new challenges.Rituals and routines The daily routine will show the change in behavior so the reward system and the bonuses should beforehand introduced so that people can work more energetically without showing any kind of negative attitude towards the increase in work. Symbols Before follow uping a new change there should have a lot of publicity as in Tesco they advertise the club cards and even the employees have got the uniform with Tesco club cards. Organizational structureAs in the case of Tesco the employees were well delimit of their goals and the consequences t hat they will have after achieving those goals and objectives so the objectives will be clearly defined in order to support the implemented change. Control system It is publicly measure by the top management team and before implementing any sort of change all the strategies and policies are prepared beforehand. It is regarding the financial system and reward system so Tesco has also given the opportunity to its employees as 10% discount on their cards which can urther enhance their exercise and strengthen the implemented change. Power structure As the name indicates Power structure which is hold by the executives and other seniors so the steps taken like discounts for employees, Trainings regarding club cards and internet has strengthen the change so far. Topic 2 Creativity and avail Creativity Creativity is the thinking up of new ideas. It is actually the dreaming up of new ideas. Whereas according to Lorna Martin (2006). , Innovation is doing new things so it is the practical t erm for creativity. Source www. google. co. uk According to Walker, Gaelle (2006). EFQM is the most widely used model with over 30,000 businesses to increase performance and increase their bottom line. It takes a holistic view of an organization and gives a diagnostic tool for the specific area of an organization which will provide strength and enhance that area with innovation and creativity. This model is divided into cardinal parts the first one is enabler and second one are the results that can be earned through the employees efforts, the policies and strategies implemented, and the stakeholders or shareholders involved and the resources within that organization.So in the case of Tesco their strength is their team, their products. While talking about their employees they can engage their employees in more trainings and give them chances to think out of the box as the adult male capital is the main asset of any company so Tesco needs to invest more on their employees and give t hem chances to learn more and work accordingly. So as they have got an Intranet within their organization that is the actual chance for their employees promotions and gives them more chances to enhance their performance by learning more and then implement their knowledge in their organization.Well Tesco has already taken a step towards innovation and creativity as they have implemented Tesco. com so in this way thousands of minds are included in Tesco and Tesco can take suggestions from the people around. By their club cards they are not only providing good saving to the customers but they are also doing surveys by checking in which area which product is selling more so in this way they are increasing the productivity of that product. So Tesco. Com is a step towards innovation. Surviving change Surviving change is actually the concept regarding those changes that an organization has implemented.It checks whether those changes are well accepted by the organization and employees. Do t hose changes have given a positive rise to the business. According to Buckley, Neil (1995). , there are some steps that manage and deal with change appropriately which are as follows. 1. Acceptance for the change should be there by training and awareness. 2. Readiness for change to be happens at workplace. 3. Should have enough strategies to tackle that change. 4. conciliate to that change. 5. Feel free to go with the change. 6. Enjoy the change. 7. Always try to be ready for the change.So change is actually surviving in Tesco as they have also used the before hang readiness for the change to occur and now getting desired results as a part of business profits. renewal curve According to Savill, Richard (2001). Transition curve is a three stages of transition that involve ending, neutral zone and beginning which helps in assessing people that what difficulties they might face during the implementation of change. Ending This seems to be the ending of the confidence of the employees when they deny the acceptance to change.They might think that their workplace or their work will be different so this is the ending of their hard works and acceptance to work loads. Neutral zone This state will be the confusion state as the staff will be in between the current and the desired state. They will be uncertain about the present and the future. This can have the negative meeting on the activities. Beginning The beginning state is that state in which the employees are ready for the change and work accordingly with a positive set of mind. As in Tesco case employees are ready for the work. Conclusion and RecommendationsChange is a positive activity and it always brings about something healthy to an individual or an organization. So in the case of Tesco change was the ultimate desire of the modern time and has actually give Tesco a strong position. Club cards and Tesco. com Com are the positive changes for Tesco and has increased its sales. Staff is also very efficient in im plementing and working on the change so it has given positive rise to the business. Recommendations * Although the change has been successfully implemented in company but there is still need to eradicate the perception and attitude of being one or monopolist views.The developing opportunities should be offered to the front line staff for further improving the customer service. * Variety of methods should be used to training the staff and through providing them different platforms the company can fetch the creative ideas from their staff * There must be online and offline (virtual over the web) feedback or comment section where the customers can record their feedbacks regarding the products services and their performance or further improvements. Teamwork culture, support from the management and empowerment are the necessary mediums to motivate the workforce and maintain their motivation for better productivity. * An efficient performance judgement system is required to be implement ed for judging the performance of both contract based and permanent employees and similarly compensation should be based on this fair appraisal of employees. * Further communication should be improved through extensively advertising the products to the target market and internal communication should have to be improved through making the flow of information on right time.References * Potter, Mark (16 February 2011). Tesco to outpace growth at global rivals study. Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2011. * Finch, Julia (2 February 2010). Tesco opens its first zero carbon store. The Guardian(UK). Retrieved 1 September 2010. * OGrady, Sean (16 December 2001). Shirley Porter Rich, flashy and corrupt with it. Shes nothing like a Dame. The nonparasitic(capital of the United Kingdom). Retrieved 13 December 2009. * Harvey, Oliver (9 May 2007). TESCO kills of Well St Market. The Sun(London). Retrieved 13 December 2009. * Pagano, Margareta (16 May 1987). Shocked Hillards attacks greed of Pruden tial Hartley disgusted with institutions after Tesco wins takeover booking. The Guardian(the sun). * Tesco accused of near monopoly. BBC. 17 January 2006. * Inverness Tescotown. Retrieved 13 March 2006. * Lorna Martin (1 January 2006). The supermarket that ate a town. The Observer(UK). * Walker, Gaelle (11 November 2006). Online failing todeliver. The Grocer(William Reed Publications) p. 6. * Business as usual for Sir Terry after 10 years in charge. Birmingham Post(Midland Independent Newspapers) p. 24. 22 February 2007. * Buckley, Neil (22 November 1995). People Leahy rings Tescos tills. Financial Times p. 40. * Cunningham, Sarah (22 March 1997). Tesco pays ? 630m for ABFs Irish business. The Times(Times Newspapers). Tescos Irish move approved. Financial Times. 7 May 1997. * Savill, Richard (12 June 2001). Tesco bomb blackmailer is jailed for 16 years. The Daily Telegraph(UK). Retrieved 12 April 2011. * Helft, Miguel (2001). Tesco buys stake in GroceryWorks. The Industry Standard. * OHalloran, Marie (25 July 2009). Unicef accuses Tesco of misusing charity slogan. The Irish Times. * McBride, Louise (26 July 2009). Tesco in clash with Unicef. The Irish Independent. Malkin, Bonnie (14 November 2007). Spice Girls go shopping at Tesco. London The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 September 2010. AEW Architects. AEW Architects. Retrieved 2011-08-16. * Leroux, Marcus (22 March 2010). Tescos secret chain charges customers more Times Online. The Times(UK). Retrieved 11 November 2010. * Tesco announces non-food store trials. Retrieved 13 March 2006. * Jordan, Dearbail (8 June 2007). Tesco swoops on Dobbies tend Centres. The Times(London Times Newspapers). Retrieved 8 June 2007. * Offer Declared Unconditional in all Respects. Dobbies(Dobbies) p. 1. 17 August 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2007.